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intelligent_beehives:bee_research_brussels [2014/09/30 15:02] – [militarization of the honeybee and robobee experiments] amiintelligent_beehives:bee_research_brussels [2017/07/22 14:10] (current) – [bee diseases & natural varroa solutions] ami
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 =====bee monitoring projects===== =====bee monitoring projects=====
 +[[Http://www.startribune.com/local/277128891.html|a scientists aim: save the bees.]]
 +
 20/12/2013: {{:bee:bijensterfte-greenpeace.pdf|bijensterfte, een greenpeace rapport}} 20/12/2013: {{:bee:bijensterfte-greenpeace.pdf|bijensterfte, een greenpeace rapport}}
  
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 To work on the first part of the problem, Dr. Robinson said, Paul Tenczar, a retired computer entrepreneur and enthusiastic citizen scientist, joined the lab. He worked with scientists to devise a kind of E-ZPass system for bees involving tiny electronic ID tags, entry and exit tubes for a hive, and laser scanners to track the bees as they passed through the tubes. But even with the technology functioning at a high level to track the bees’ activity, analytical tools had to be developed to understand and interpret the data. The results showed first that there was an elite group among the foraging bees. To work on the first part of the problem, Dr. Robinson said, Paul Tenczar, a retired computer entrepreneur and enthusiastic citizen scientist, joined the lab. He worked with scientists to devise a kind of E-ZPass system for bees involving tiny electronic ID tags, entry and exit tubes for a hive, and laser scanners to track the bees as they passed through the tubes. But even with the technology functioning at a high level to track the bees’ activity, analytical tools had to be developed to understand and interpret the data. The results showed first that there was an elite group among the foraging bees.
 http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/09/science/no-glass-ceiling-for-worker-bees.html?ref=science&_r=0 http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/09/science/no-glass-ceiling-for-worker-bees.html?ref=science&_r=0
 +
 +{{:bee:screen_shot_2014-10-18_at_09.43.19.png?350x213|}}
 +High Speed Video Camera for filming honeybee action up to 150.000 images/sec: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcU-i7j0uYs#t=159
 +
 =====sensors for bee monitoring===== =====sensors for bee monitoring=====
 Check nog eens dit rapport dat we maakten begin dit jaar, het bevat nuttige info ivm. sensors etc. Check nog eens dit rapport dat we maakten begin dit jaar, het bevat nuttige info ivm. sensors etc.
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 Monsanto infiltration and Honeybee mortality: http://24matin.ch/monde/la-cause-de-la-mortalite-des-abeilles-enfin-resolue/ Monsanto infiltration and Honeybee mortality: http://24matin.ch/monde/la-cause-de-la-mortalite-des-abeilles-enfin-resolue/
 +
 +Voordracht toxicoloog over de gevolgen van neonicotinoïdes voor bijen: {{:bee:neonicotinoïdes.pdf|}}
 +commentaar van Ghislain de Roeck: Op dia 7 zie je goed hoe een gewoon zenuwsignaal op de klassieke manier overgedragen wordt van de ene cel naar de andere. Acetylcholinemoleculen hechten zich op receptoren van de ontvangende cel (rechts). Dat feit, mede met een proces van polarisatie en depolarisatie, opent een poort in die cel waarna het signaal er binnen kan. Daarna moet de poort gesloten worden anders gaat de cel 'lekken' en functioneert ze niet meer. Dat is het werk van acetylcholine-esterase, een enzym dat de neurotransmitter acetylcholine door hydrolyse afbreekt.
 +Imidacloprid nu is een agonist van acetylcholine. Dat wil zeggen: een stof die zich in dit geval gedraagt zoals de neurotransmitter. De poort gaat dus open en de bedoeling, in dit geval, is dat ze onomkeerbaar openblijft. De cel is dan uitgeschakeld. Veel wetenschappers gaan ervan uit dat daarvoor minstens een tiental ppb nodig zijn. Eén ppb is gelijk aan het miljardste deel van een gram! In nectar en stuifmeel wordt zelden meer dan 3 à 4  ppb imidacloprid gemeten. Die concentratie zou te laag zijn om de poort gesloten te houden. Dat is de reden, stellen die wetenschappers, dat op het terrein geen sterfte wordt waargenomen. In labo's wordt het aantal ppb vaak opgedreven tot 15 en meer. Daarvan gaan de cel en de bij onvermijdelijk dood. Elke laboratoriumstudie vermeldt de gebruikte concentraties. Dat is dus gemakkelijk verifieerbaar.
 +Ik lees dat en tracht het te begrijpen. Dit is beslist geen pleidooi voor neonicotinoïden, ik wel alleen maar nuanceren. Als imkers hebben we er belang bij te weten waarover we spreken, emoties zijn daarbij niet nuttig. Dit gaat ook enkel maar over wat er wellicht in de bijen gebeurt. Over schade aan het milieu en andere dieren kan ik niets zeggen. Ik besef echter wel dat ook de vorige generaties pesticiden voor het milieu slecht waren, wellicht nog slechter zelfs.
 +
 +[[http://www.country-guide.ca/2014/11/12/the-science-of-how-neonicotinoids-work/45124/|The science of how neonicotinoids work]]
 +{{:bee:dna-strand-neonicotinoids.jpg?400x257|}}
 +Neonicotinoids, like many of our insecticides, are neurotoxins that go after the central nervous system. We often refer to the nervous system as an organism’s wiring, but its workings are a lot more complicated because all physiological actions must take place at low temperatures that won’t damage the surrounding proteins. Any electrician will tell you that continuous wiring doesn’t always do that for you.
 +
 +[[http://www.country-guide.ca/2015/02/13/a-crop-diagnostic-lab-on-a-microchip/45826/|A crop diagnostic lab on a microchip]]
 +Scientists took a long look at lab procedures and developed glass or silicon chips that could perform the same tasks at the micro level. Micro samples of any liquid were drawn down the tiny channels, many of them thinner than a human hair, and then the samples were run through the electrical fields generated within the chip. The chip could then collect the data and perform the analysis.
 +This is a game changer. Routine analysis can now be done on the spot with a device that a lay operator can use. Taking the lab out of the loop saves huge amounts of time by doing most of the routine procedures on the spot. Now the lab can be better used to take on more complex problems.
 +
 +
  
 =====honeybee ecology : relations to the environment===== =====honeybee ecology : relations to the environment=====
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 Chenopodiaceae is een botanische naam, voor een familie van tweezaadlobbige kruidachtige planten. Een familie onder deze naam wordt vrij algemeen erkend door systemen voor plantentaxonomie, maar niet door het APG-systeem, het APG II-systeem. (Wikipedia) Chenopodiaceae is een botanische naam, voor een familie van tweezaadlobbige kruidachtige planten. Een familie onder deze naam wordt vrij algemeen erkend door systemen voor plantentaxonomie, maar niet door het APG-systeem, het APG II-systeem. (Wikipedia)
  
 +Marla Spivak
 +Distinguished McKnight University Professor
 +Apiculture / Social Insects
 +Marla Spivak: TedTalk [[http://www.ted.com/talks/marla_spivak_why_bees_are_disappearing#t-4641|Why Bees are Disappearing]]
 +http://www.entomology.umn.edu/People/GradFaculty/Spivak/
 +
 +[[http://www.pollinis.org/en/nous-connaitre|POLLINIS]] is a European, independent and non-profit citizen movement which campaigns to politicians and the European institutions to accelerate – in Europe and in the world – the transition to a truly sustainable and productive agriculture that respects the environment and the pollinators on which it depends for its productions, but economically viable and profitable for the men and women who live on it.
 +POLLINIS aims to bring together experts from agriculture and beekeeping, lawyers and economists who work out proposals for innovative and pragmatic reform to convince politicians and European leaders to reform the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) and the dominant intensive agricultural model – to satisfy our food needs today, without jeopardizing the agricultural production and the environment for generations to come. 
  
  
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 {{:bee:robobee.png?400x253|}} {{:bee:robobee.png?400x253|}}
 [[http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/05/14/the-bees-are-back-as-robots-harvard-project-funds-the-engineering-of-robotic-bees-soon-to-be-in-flight/|robobees in flight]] [[http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/05/14/the-bees-are-back-as-robots-harvard-project-funds-the-engineering-of-robotic-bees-soon-to-be-in-flight/|robobees in flight]]
 +may 2, 2013: Cambridge, Mass.-- In the very early hours of the morning, in a Harvard robotics laboratory last summer, an insect took flight. Half the size of a paperclip, weighing less than a tenth of a gram, it leapt a few inches, hovered for a moment on fragile, flapping wings, and then sped along a preset route through the air.
 +[[http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/110/|robobees in flight, press release]]
 {{url>http://www.youtube.com/embed/cyjKOJhIiuU 400px,300px noborder}} {{url>http://www.youtube.com/embed/cyjKOJhIiuU 400px,300px noborder}}
 http://robobees.seas.harvard.edu/ http://robobees.seas.harvard.edu/
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 +
 +=====transgenic honeybees=====
 +The first genetic engineering tool to manipulate honeybees:
 +http://www.pnas.org/content/111/24/9003.abstract
 +
 +{{:bee:transgenic-honeybee.jpg|}}
 +Genome modification technologies have been increasing steadily in recent years. With the exception of direct genome editing technologies (ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPRs) variously technologies for use in insects rely heavily on transposon platforms to move these technologies into target genomes. For example, phiC31 and other site-specific systems use transposons to move recombination sites into the target genome. Of course, there is also a lot of interest in just moving transgenes into insect genomes.
 +http://igtrcn.org/transgenic-honeybees-finally/
  
 =====bee behaviour===== =====bee behaviour=====
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 [[http://www.niagarabeeway.com/bio-control-for-varroa-mite.html|bio control for varroa mite by the predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus]] [[http://www.niagarabeeway.com/bio-control-for-varroa-mite.html|bio control for varroa mite by the predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus]]
 zie ook [[http://www.beesource.com/forums/showthread.php?278433-Stratiolaelaps-A-bug-to-Fight-Varroa|Stratiolaelaps-A-bug-to-Fight-Varroa]] zie ook [[http://www.beesource.com/forums/showthread.php?278433-Stratiolaelaps-A-bug-to-Fight-Varroa|Stratiolaelaps-A-bug-to-Fight-Varroa]]
 +[[https://de-de.facebook.com/Beenature-Project-209480922590650/|beenature - straetiolaelaps scorpion]]
 +[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1zdancXRDg|scorpion in action in this Vimeo movie]]
  
 01/02/2014: Fom Betty Schiel: This guy did studies on an insekt that is eating up the varoa mite!! I go to a talk of him today.  It is pretty exciting because these little animals used to live in the hives but cannot anymore because of beekeepers hygene and new hives. 01/02/2014: Fom Betty Schiel: This guy did studies on an insekt that is eating up the varoa mite!! I go to a talk of him today.  It is pretty exciting because these little animals used to live in the hives but cannot anymore because of beekeepers hygene and new hives.
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 Genetic bases of tolerance to Varroa destructor in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.): {{:bee:varroa-tolerance.pdf|}} Genetic bases of tolerance to Varroa destructor in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.): {{:bee:varroa-tolerance.pdf|}}
 +
 +29 october 2014: Innovation: Effective Biological Varroa mite Treatment
 +Researches of University of Hohenheim (Germany) manage to create first effective biological protection against Varroa mites. Healthy honey bees without varroa mites is literally said a dream of every beekeeper. It appears, from the initial findings that varroa mite can be effective eliminated with organic approach.
 +{{:bee:anti-varroa.pdf|Effective Biological Varroa mite Treatment}}
 +[[http://beetime.eu/innovation-effective-biological-varroa-mite-treatment|effective-biological-varroa-mite-treatment]]
 +
 +
 +[[http://wp.unil.ch/engellab/research/|Gut microbiota of honey bees]]
 +Our lab studies functional and evolutionary aspects of microbial symbiosis in animal guts. Specifically, we focus on the gut microbiota of honey bees. We want to address general questions of gut microbiology and understand the role of the microbiota for bee health.
 +Gut microbial communities are important determinants of animal and human health. Their complex composition displays a formidable challenge for studying microbiota-host interactions in the gut. Simple model systems can assist the discovery of general principles of gut microbiology relevant to human health. The honey bee represents such a model, because its gut microbiota is composed of a small number of bacterial species, which are experimentally amenable.
 +These bacteria have neither been found in the environment nor in related solitary bee species. However, in the gut of adult honey bees, they are consistently present and highly abundant. This suggests that these bacteria have long-standing evolutionary associations with their host and likely play important symbiotic roles. Characterization of the interactions between microbiota and host will contribute to a better understanding of factors influencing bee health. This is of broad interest due to the ecological and economical importance of honey bees and the recently reported bee population declines.
  
 =====bee information: websites, movies etc.===== =====bee information: websites, movies etc.=====
intelligent_beehives/bee_research_brussels.1412089348.txt.gz · Last modified: 2016/01/13 17:46 (external edit)